By Elise Ann Allen
ROME (Crux) — Several of the new cardinal designates announced by Pope Francis have applauded the increased diversity of those getting a red hat, saying the appointments signal a shift in the center of Catholicism from the West to the global South.
Speaking to journalists during an Oct. 8 press briefing, Cardinal-designate Ignace Bessi Dogbo of Korhogo, Ivory Coast, said, “We can be happy about this openness in the spirit of our pope who decided to have cardinals from all corners of the world.”
“We know that a cardinal is a person who supports the pope for the universal Church. So, the fact of appointing cardinals from different countries and different continents is really a sign that the pope is opening the Church up, and the Church today needs to listen,” he said.
Archbishop Bessi Dogbo said listening is essential for the Church and has been a keyword of the ongoing synod, “but to listen, we have people who speak.”
“So, it’s good to have cardinals who come from all the regions of the world who can express themselves, and the pope can listen to their voices, and they will listen to the pope,” he said.
Archbishop Bessi Dogbo was one of 21 new cardinals announced by Pope Francis during his Sunday Angelus, once again illustrating his desire to diversity and internationalize the College of Cardinals and to reward close aides and allies.
He spoke alongside two other new cardinals-to-be, Archbishop Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi of Tokyo and Archbishop Jaime Spengler of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and President of the Latin American Episcopal Conference (CELAM).
Each of the prelates is participating in the pope’s Oct. 2-27 Synod of Bishops on Synodality, and they will get their red hats in a consistory to be held Dec. 8, the solemnity of the Immaculate Conception.
Archbishop Kikuchi, in remarks on Oct. 8, noted that Pope Francis recently returned from a 12-day journey through Asia and has often traveled to Asia throughout his 11-year papacy.
“That is showing, for me, that the Holy Father is showing the importance of Asia,” he said, noting that in addition to himself, two other new cardinals come from Asia, one from Indonesia and one from the Philippines.
“I’m not saying that Asia itself is important, but the center of the Church is shifting from Europe to other areas, the global south. The center of the Church is shifting from Europe to the global south. That is the indication of this appointment,” he added.
Despite the concern among some observers that the increased diversity of the College of Cardinals would signal a challenge in the next conclave, as many of the prelates have never met, Archbishop Kikuchi said that “thank God,” as president of the global Caritas charitable organization he has met and knows many of the other cardinals personally.
Archbishop Bessi Dogbo voiced his belief that the global representation among the Church’s most exclusive club is a sign of a Church that listens “to everybody, regardless of their own situations, regardless of their intellectual level, regardless of their personal skills.”
“This is not what is important. What is important is that we are all baptized in Christ, and on the face of every Christian, we must be able to recognize Christ. So, this appointment helps us precisely to live this, to experience this, a church in which everyone is equal in dignity,” he said.
As a participant in last year’s synod gathering as well as this year’s synod discussion, Archbishop Bessi Dogbo said he has gotten to know many of the other participants and believes the most important thing for delegates to do is to see “the face of Christ” in every person they meet.
Archbishop Spengler, in his remarks, joked that he fears journalists because “you never know where their questions are going to lead you!”
Like Archbishop Bessi Dogbo and Archbishop Kikuchi, he voiced his belief that when members of the Catholic Church profess themselves as Catholic, “we are not just making reference to a religious belief.”
“We want to point at an openness, generosity, that is quite unique. That generosity and magnanimity that is proper to God, who can have a dialogue with all cultures, differences, peoples, languages, and this richness,” he said.
This, Spengler said, is the purpose of “this diversity of our College,” and it is also “the expression of this typical way of being Catholics.”
“It’s really beautiful that the Holy Father has this concern vis a vis the most diverse cultures,” he said, noting that his diocese alone has four million people. In contrast, Cardinal Giorgio Marengo of Mongolia has just 1,500 faithful in the entire country.
However, numbers are “not a criterium. The criterium is another,” he said, saying, “Today, when we look at the makeup of the College, and we see this extraordinary universality, this is very good.”
“We are so different one from the other, but there is something that unites us, and that is precisely — here, the beauty, greatness, and dignity of the College itself lies in this diversity,” he said.
Asked what their respective local churches can share with the rest of the world, Archbishop Kikuchi noted that Asia has a lot of vocations and is now sending missionaries to the West, saying, “When the Holy Father is talking about peripheries, the peripheries are moving.”
Global peripheries, for the Church, are no longer Africa or Asia, he said, saying, “The peripheries are moving, maybe to Europe.”
Archbishop Bassi Dogbo said the African Church, in particular, is also sending a lot of missionaries abroad, and he also spoke of the “joy” within the African Church, which he said “can be shared with the whole world.”
Archbishop Spengler paid homage to the multicultural makeup of Brazil and praised the “courage” and dedication of immigrants who endured hardship to start a new life, calling the Brazilian Church “a Pentecost,” made up of men and women from different places, speaking different languages, but who come together.
He also touched on the question of a longstanding proposal, renewed during the 2019 Synod of Bishops on the Amazon, to ordain so-called viri probati, or tested married men, to the priesthood as a potential solution to the priest shortage in the Amazon region.
In his response, Archbishop Spengler said the question touched on a “very delicate” issue that is a matter of discipline in the Church, not theology.
The priest shortage in the Amazon is “a reality that truly needs deepening,” he said, saying, “I don’t know if opening the possibility of having married men be priests is the best solution or not, but I believe we do need openness and honesty to address this issue.”
Archbishop Spengler said there is no “recipe that fits all” and noted that there is a renewed investment in the permanent diaconate in his diocese.
“Maybe in a future that’s not so distant, maybe these men could be ordained priests for a specific community,” he said, stressing the need to be open.
“I don’t have a predetermined answer, but we must face this issue with courage and with elements from the bible,” as well as other resources, he said, and stressed the need to “pay attention to the signs of the times.”
